A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in Perl. Release branches 5.34, 5.36, 5.38 and 5.40 are affected, including development versions from 5.33.1 through 5.41.10. When there are non-ASCII bytes in the left-hand-side of the `tr` operator, `S_do_trans_invmap` can overflow the destination pointer `d`.    $ perl -e '$_ = "\x{FF}" x 1000000; tr/\xFF/\x{100}/;'    Segmentation fault (core dumped) It is believed that this vulnerability can enable Denial of Service and possibly Code Execution attacks on platforms that lack sufficient defenses.

• https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/87f42aa0e0096e9a346c9672aa3a0bd3bef8c1dd.patch
• https://metacpan.org/release/SHAY/perl-5.38.4/changes
• https://metacpan.org/release/SHAY/perl-5.40.2/changes

Perl threads have a working directory race condition where file operations may target unintended paths. If a directory handle is open at thread creation, the process-wide current working directory is temporarily changed in order to clone that handle for the new thread, which is visible from any third (or more) thread already running. This may lead to unintended operations such as loading code or accessing files from unexpected locations, which a local attacker may be able to exploit. The bug was introduced in commit 11a11ecf4bea72b17d250cfb43c897be1341861e and released in Perl version 5.13.6

• https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/918bfff86ca8d6d4e4ec5b30994451e0bd74aba9.patch
• https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/22/2
• https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/23010
• https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1098226
• https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/10387
• https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.0/perl5136delta#Directory-handles-not-copied-to-threads
• https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/11a11ecf4bea72b17d250cfb43c897be1341861e

Perl versions from 5.9.4 before 5.40.4-RC1, from 5.41.0 before 5.42.2-RC1, from 5.43.0 before 5.43.9 contain a vulnerable version of Compress::Raw::Zlib. Compress::Raw::Zlib is included in the Perl package as a dual-life core module, and is vulnerable to CVE-2026-3381 due to a vendored version of zlib which has several vulnerabilities, including CVE-2026-27171. The bundled Compress::Raw::Zlib was updated to version 2.221 in Perl blead commit c75ae9cc164205e1b6d6dbd57bd2c65c8593fe94.

• https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-3381
• https://lists.security.metacpan.org/cve-announce/msg/37638919/
• https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/c75ae9cc164205e1b6d6dbd57bd2c65c8593fe94
• https://metacpan.org/release/PMQS/Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.221/source/Changes
• https://metacpan.org/release/SHAY/perl-5.40.4/changes
• https://metacpan.org/release/SHAY/perl-5.42.2/changes

Perl versions through 5.43.10 have a heap buffer overflow when compiling regular expressions with a repeated fixed string on 32-bit builds. Perl_study_chunk in regcomp_study.c checked the size of the joined substring buffer in characters rather than bytes. For a quantified fixed substring with a large minimum count, the byte length mincount * l could overflow SSize_t, producing an undersized SvGROW allocation; the subsequent copy writes past the end of the buffer. A caller that compiles an attacker-controlled regular expression on a 32-bit perl build triggers a heap buffer overflow at compile time.

• https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/5e7f119eb2bb1181be908701f22bf7068e722f1c.patch